Ibn Mansur al-Hallaj
His full name was Abu al-Mugis al-Husayn ibn Mansur ibn Muhammad al-Baidawi. He is better known as Al-Hallaj a degree because of his ability to talk about Sufi. Al-Hallaj was born in the year 244 AD H/855, in Al-Baida near Tours in Persia. Some say that Al-Hallaj comes from the descendants of Abu Ayyub, sahabah. Before the age of 12 years, he has memorized the Quran and pursue education Sufi between 873-897 years with the famous Sufi. At age 16, he studied at Sahl bin Abdullah al-Tusturi a famous Sufi figures in the third century Hijri. Education continued to Basra and studied at Amru bin Usman al-Maliki. Basra al-Hallaj was married to Umm al-Husain, the daughter of Abu Ya'qub al-Aqta'i, a Sufi.After that Al-Hallaj went wandering from one country to another to gain knowledge and experience in the science of Sufism. Al-Hallaj had menuaikan Hajj three times. In
the year 895 AD, he first hajj in Mecca and for a year filled with a
variety of worship in which he tried to do his own way to union with
God. In
traveling and meeting with experts Sufi, personal arose and view their
own lives to the age of 53 years he has been the talk of scholars at
that time because of the different mystical understanding with others. Because
it's respective ideologies, a leading scholar of fiqh, Ibn Daud
al-Isfahani issued a fatwa saying that Al-Hallaj's teachings heretical. On
the basis of the fatwa Al-Hallaj was imprisoned, but after a year in
prison, he escaped with the help of a sympathetic guard him and hide in
Sus Khuzistan. In 1913 H/301 M, he was arrested again and brought to justice Baghdad. Al-Hallaj court held under the supervision of the minister Ibn Isa. However, Al-Hallaj enemies could not prove kezindiqannya that could be put to death. He
was sentenced to death by initially beaten and flogged with a whip, and
crucified, after it cut both his hands and feet, and left hanging
decapitated fragments of the body at the gates of Baghdad. Then burned and the ashes washed away into the river Dajlah. In
another narration, said Al-Hallaj was hanged, beheaded, whipped a
thousand times without moaning in pain and receive him with a smile. But before the beheading, he prayed two rak'ahs. Then his arms and legs cut off. His body rolled into a bamboo mat, submerged to naftah and then burned. Abu body was washed away into the river, while his head was taken to Khurasan to Muslims and witnessed by history. Many other versions that suggests the penalty al-Hallaj.Al-Hallaj
was an alim in Islamic theology, people who memorized the Qur'an and
understanding, mastering the science of fiqh, hadith and no doubt his
expertise in the science of Sufism. Expertise and personality that gave birth to such a glorious works of not less than 47 pieces. Most of his work is:1. Ahruf Al-Al-Al-Azaliyah Muhaddasah wa wa al-Asma 'Al-Kuliyyah.2. Kitab Al-proposal wa al-furu '.3. The book Sirr al-'Alam wa Al-Mab'us.4. Kitab al-'adl wa al-Tawhid.5. Book 'Ilm Al-Baqa' wa Al-mortal '.6. Book of Madh Al-Nabi Al-A'la wa Masal.7. The Book of Eve Huwa.8. Kitab Al-Tawasin.Al-Hallaj biography ends with the tragic events that have a lot to get the attention of the scholars and observers of Sufism. The essence of Sufism Al-Hallaj rests on three main issues, namely: Hulul, Reality Muhammadiyah, and Wahdah al-Adyan.
B. Thought Al-Hallaj
a. HululMany of the scholars have different opinions about the nature of teaching Hulul Al-Hallaj. Al-Taftazani have tried to conclude that Al-Hallaj hululnya majazi nature, not in the real sense. Understand hulul Al-Hallaj, according to Al-Taftazani a developmental and other forms of understanding are taught by Ittihad Abu Yazid. Actually between Ittihad and hulul there is a difference. In Ittihad Abu Yazid himself destroyed and that there is only God, being the only self hulul Al-Hallaj is not destroyed. In understanding Ittihad, who viewed only one manifestation, is in hulul understand there are two forms, but united in one body.According to Al-Hallaj that God has two natures, the divine nature (Lahut) and human nature (Nasut). Likewise, humans, have the nature of humanity (Nasut) and has the nature of divinity (Lahut) in him. Al-Hallaj understand this can be seen from his interpretation of the events of Adam in the Qur'an surah Al-Baqarah verse 34: And (remember) when we said unto the angels; bowed down to Adam, then they threw themselves except Satan and he reluctantly arrogant, and he belonged to the infidels. (QS.2: 34).God gave the command to the angels to bow down to Adam because Adam himself, God incarnate as He transformed (hulul) within 'Isa Allah incarnate in Adam, then God made Adam according to its shape. Given this understanding may stem from traditions which have great impact for the Sufis: "Verily Allah created Adam according to His form." Understand this is more clearly visible in the composition of the poem:
Glory to substances which states nasutNyaWith lahutNya, the luminous line withThen the creature looked realLike the drunkard and the eater looks figureUntil all the creatures saw HimLike the meeting of two eyelids.According to Al-Hallaj understand Sufism, in man there is divinity within ourselves and God are human nature. So that people can be united with God, he must first eliminate humanness through mortal '. If the properties had been missing from his humanity and divinity are living only, then that's where God can take place (hulul) in him. Between the spirit of God and the human spirit can come together in the human body. In a poem composed by al-Hallaj said:Frontier has become one spirit with my spiritLike wine and clear water integrated OneAnd if something menyetuhMu, I tersentuhlahBecause it's you, in every way, is me.From the above verses it is clear that Al-Hallaj brought hulul concept. The definition above is hulul unification with the divine nature of humanity. As according to the terms of Sufism, Hulul is a notion that says that God chose certain human bodies to take place in it after humanness present in the body was obliterated. According to Al-Hallaj, a Sufi in this way can be united with God. So when Al-Hallaj said: Ana al-Haqq (I am God) is not the spirit of Al-Hallaj who uttered these words but the spirit of God that took place in Al-Hallaj himself. Al-Hallaj actually did not recognize her God, so that the speech or his statement can not be accepted by the Sunni and Sufi of the flow of people he accused of being apostate and sentenced to death.
b. Haqiqah MuhammadiyahAccording to Al-Hallaj haqiqah Muhammadiyah or Nur Muhammad is the source of all things, all events, all deeds and science. Al-Hallajlah who started stating that the natural occurrence stems from haqiqah Muhammadiyah or Nur Muhammad. By the Light of Muhammad can be centered on the unity of nature and unity center nubuwat the prophets. All sorts of knowledge, wisdom and nubuwat is sheer radiance of light.According to Nur Muhammad Al-Hallaj, there are two such. The first such, is qadim and azali that have occurred prior to this all there. Rupa both as a man, as an Apostle and Prophet sent by God. Apparently as a man to death, but apparently that qadim will remain the natural covering.
c. Wahdah Al-AdyanIn addition to the idea that Muhammad Nur Hulul and qadim. Al-Hallaj also expressed his view that all religions are essentially one, because all of them have the same goal, namely, to acknowledge and worship God, the Lord of hosts, the God of all religions. Name of various religions, no religion of Islam, Jews, Christians and others, is all just different names, but the essence is one. All religions whose name is a different way to God. People who choose a religion or born in a family environment that embraces a wide range of religions was not on his own, but has been determined or predestined by God. And so is worship (ritual) of different colors and ways, it is the only one to draw closer to God. On this day people should be worshiping in mosques, in churches, in temples and so on, because these places was a place of worship. For, according to Al-Hallaj not need a religion he considers the most correct, do not need a religion denouncing other religions because it's all right because God is religion, religion is something embraced by God's providence. No need to dispute because of religion, but every religion is important to deepen their religious teachings.Understand Wahdah al-Adyan (unity of all religions) emerged as Nur Muhammad konsenkuensi of understanding. Al-Hallaj opinion about qadimnya Nur Muhammad has led to the conclusion that the source of all religions is one. Religions are given to mankind is not of his choice, but chosen for him.
B. Thought Al-Hallaj
a. HululMany of the scholars have different opinions about the nature of teaching Hulul Al-Hallaj. Al-Taftazani have tried to conclude that Al-Hallaj hululnya majazi nature, not in the real sense. Understand hulul Al-Hallaj, according to Al-Taftazani a developmental and other forms of understanding are taught by Ittihad Abu Yazid. Actually between Ittihad and hulul there is a difference. In Ittihad Abu Yazid himself destroyed and that there is only God, being the only self hulul Al-Hallaj is not destroyed. In understanding Ittihad, who viewed only one manifestation, is in hulul understand there are two forms, but united in one body.According to Al-Hallaj that God has two natures, the divine nature (Lahut) and human nature (Nasut). Likewise, humans, have the nature of humanity (Nasut) and has the nature of divinity (Lahut) in him. Al-Hallaj understand this can be seen from his interpretation of the events of Adam in the Qur'an surah Al-Baqarah verse 34: And (remember) when we said unto the angels; bowed down to Adam, then they threw themselves except Satan and he reluctantly arrogant, and he belonged to the infidels. (QS.2: 34).God gave the command to the angels to bow down to Adam because Adam himself, God incarnate as He transformed (hulul) within 'Isa Allah incarnate in Adam, then God made Adam according to its shape. Given this understanding may stem from traditions which have great impact for the Sufis: "Verily Allah created Adam according to His form." Understand this is more clearly visible in the composition of the poem:
Glory to substances which states nasutNyaWith lahutNya, the luminous line withThen the creature looked realLike the drunkard and the eater looks figureUntil all the creatures saw HimLike the meeting of two eyelids.According to Al-Hallaj understand Sufism, in man there is divinity within ourselves and God are human nature. So that people can be united with God, he must first eliminate humanness through mortal '. If the properties had been missing from his humanity and divinity are living only, then that's where God can take place (hulul) in him. Between the spirit of God and the human spirit can come together in the human body. In a poem composed by al-Hallaj said:Frontier has become one spirit with my spiritLike wine and clear water integrated OneAnd if something menyetuhMu, I tersentuhlahBecause it's you, in every way, is me.From the above verses it is clear that Al-Hallaj brought hulul concept. The definition above is hulul unification with the divine nature of humanity. As according to the terms of Sufism, Hulul is a notion that says that God chose certain human bodies to take place in it after humanness present in the body was obliterated. According to Al-Hallaj, a Sufi in this way can be united with God. So when Al-Hallaj said: Ana al-Haqq (I am God) is not the spirit of Al-Hallaj who uttered these words but the spirit of God that took place in Al-Hallaj himself. Al-Hallaj actually did not recognize her God, so that the speech or his statement can not be accepted by the Sunni and Sufi of the flow of people he accused of being apostate and sentenced to death.
b. Haqiqah MuhammadiyahAccording to Al-Hallaj haqiqah Muhammadiyah or Nur Muhammad is the source of all things, all events, all deeds and science. Al-Hallajlah who started stating that the natural occurrence stems from haqiqah Muhammadiyah or Nur Muhammad. By the Light of Muhammad can be centered on the unity of nature and unity center nubuwat the prophets. All sorts of knowledge, wisdom and nubuwat is sheer radiance of light.According to Nur Muhammad Al-Hallaj, there are two such. The first such, is qadim and azali that have occurred prior to this all there. Rupa both as a man, as an Apostle and Prophet sent by God. Apparently as a man to death, but apparently that qadim will remain the natural covering.
c. Wahdah Al-AdyanIn addition to the idea that Muhammad Nur Hulul and qadim. Al-Hallaj also expressed his view that all religions are essentially one, because all of them have the same goal, namely, to acknowledge and worship God, the Lord of hosts, the God of all religions. Name of various religions, no religion of Islam, Jews, Christians and others, is all just different names, but the essence is one. All religions whose name is a different way to God. People who choose a religion or born in a family environment that embraces a wide range of religions was not on his own, but has been determined or predestined by God. And so is worship (ritual) of different colors and ways, it is the only one to draw closer to God. On this day people should be worshiping in mosques, in churches, in temples and so on, because these places was a place of worship. For, according to Al-Hallaj not need a religion he considers the most correct, do not need a religion denouncing other religions because it's all right because God is religion, religion is something embraced by God's providence. No need to dispute because of religion, but every religion is important to deepen their religious teachings.Understand Wahdah al-Adyan (unity of all religions) emerged as Nur Muhammad konsenkuensi of understanding. Al-Hallaj opinion about qadimnya Nur Muhammad has led to the conclusion that the source of all religions is one. Religions are given to mankind is not of his choice, but chosen for him.